Resumo A psicologia cultural da educação se esforça para compreender a posição do indivíduo em desenvolvimento. Este artigo procura interpretar a missão e a visão da psicologia cultural da educação no contexto da sociedade moderna, tendo em perspectiva uma tendência social individualizada e tecnomecanista. O conceito de “indivíduo contextualizado” é proposto como um aporte para conceituar a dependência relacional e contextual do sujeito em desenvolvimento. O artigo também reinterpreta Li e Xu “Pesquisa em psicologia do desenvolvimento baseada na prática educacional na China” de 2018, como um exemplo para explorar de que modo é possível utilizar a estrutura do “indivíduo contextualizado” para orientar pesquisas educacionais e estudos de intervenção, possibilitando generalizações teóricas em um ambiente educacional local.

Abstract Cultural psychology of education strives to understand the locality of the developing individual. This article tries to interpret the mission and vision of the cultural psychology of education in the background of modern society, with individualizing and techno-mechanistic social trends as its prominent feature. The concept of “contextualized individual” is proposed as a potential framework to conceptualize the relational and contextual dependence of the developing subject. The article also re-interprets Li and Xu’s 2018 paper “Developmental Psychology Research Based on Educational Practice in China” to explore how to use the framework of the “contextualized individual” to theoretically channel and generalize educational researches and interventional studies in a local educational setting.

Abstract To improve the crashworthiness and energy absorption of thin-walled tube structures, a bionic thin-walled tube was designed based on the structural characteristics of antler osteon and the principle of structural bionics and had the same inner and outer diameters and the same gradient thickness as antler osteon. A nonlinear finite element method is used to simulate the crashworthiness of a thin-walled tube with equal gradient thickness variation (EGTTS) under axial and oblique loads. The crashworthiness of EGTTS-7 (Egtts with 7 layers) was evaluated using the complex proportional assessment(COPRAS). A multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm was used to optimize the EGTTS-7 and the Pareto boundary was used to obtain the optimal structure parameters of the EGTTS-7 by using the loading angles of 0°, 10°, 20°, and 30°. It is found that the crashworthiness of the EGTTS is best when the axial load weight factor of the case is large. Compared with EGTTS and circular tubes(CT), F max can be reduced by up to 50.1% and EA can be increased by up to 22.7%.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the application of bioabsorbable screws for anterior cervical decompression and bone grafting fixation and to study their clinical effects in the treatment of cervical spondylosis. METHODS: From March 2007 to September 2012, 56 patients, 36 males and 20 females (38-79 years old, average 58.3±9.47 years), underwent a novel operation. Grafts were fixed by bioabsorbable screws (PLLA, 2.7 mm in diameter) after anterior decompression. The bioabsorbable screws were inserted from the midline of the graft bone to the bone surface of the upper and lower vertebrae at 45 degree angles. Patients were evaluated post-operatively to observe the improvement of symptoms and evaluate the fusion of the bone. The Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score was used to evaluate the recovery of neurological functions. RESULTS: All screws were successfully inserted, with no broken screws. The rate of symptom improvement was 87.5%. All of the grafts fused well with no extrusion. The average time for graft fusion was 3.8±0.55 months (range 3-5 months). Three-dimensional reconstruction of CT scans demonstrated that the grafts fused with adjacent vertebrae well and that the screws were absorbed as predicted. The MRI findings showed that the cerebrospinal fluid was unobstructed. No obvious complications appeared in any of the follow-up evaluations. CONCLUSIONS: Cervical spondylosis with one- or two-level involvement can be effectively treated by anterior decompression and bone grafting with bioabsorbable screw fixation. This operative method is safe and can avoid the complications induced by metal implants.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this research was to enhance the production of vitamin K2 by fermentation optimization and Arachis hypogaea supplementation in Flavobacterium sp. mutant SP-L-01. Optimized culture condition were as follows: 6-days shake-flask culture at 37oC with initial pH value 7.0 ± 0.2, shaking speed in 120 r/min and medium volume of 30 mL with 2% inoculums. After optimization of fermentation medium by response surface methodology (RSM), optimized medium were maltose 23.8 g/l, glucose 9.69 g/l, beef extract 15 g/l, K2HPO4 4.5 g/l，NaCl 3.0 g/l and MgSO4·7H2O 0.3 g/l. Production of vitamin K2 after optimization reached to 10.97 mg/l, which is 79.25% higher than that before optimization (6.12 mg/l). 3 mg/mL of arachis hypogaea was added into the medium at 72 h of shake-flake cultivation, which improved the production of menaquinone-4 (MK4) up to 371% and menaquinone-6 (MK6) up to 149% higher than those of the original medium. D-(+)-catechin, one of the components of arachis hypogaea, was added alone into the medium, which also improved the vitamin K2 synthesis.

Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng., a major invasive weed in southwestern China, has caused great economic losses. In order to find a new herbicide to control E. adenophorum, experiments were conducted to study its physiological and biochemical responses to low and high doses of picloram herbicide (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropyridine-2-carboxylic acid). Electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde, and free proline were stimulated by picloram, showing a remarkably increase (p < 0.05) with high herbicide concentration (60, 120, and 240 g ai ha-1). The treated plants exhibited lower osmotic adjustment capacity, high dosage lipid peroxide levels and more free-proline accumulation. It was found that low doses (12 and 24 g ai ha-1) of picloram initially increased catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutases and protein, but these indicators decreased (p < 0.05) with the increase of treating time (after 3 d) and dose (120 and 240 g ai ha-1). In addition, the structures of chloroplasts and mitochondria were seriously deformed. These results indicated E. adenophorum can improve its herbicide-tolerance by increasing the antioxidative system activity at the initial period of low picloram stress. However, this protective function disappeared with increasing of treating time and picloram dosage. Eupatorium adenophorum responded differently to low and high concentrations of picloram and ultrastructural changes are an important cause of death in E. adenophorum.

OBJECTIVE: To map risk of exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in an urban area and assess the ability of traditional interventions to control dispersion of the disease. METHODS: Data on the Beijing SARS epidemic were used to map spatial clusters of identified contacts and to estimate transmission of SARS using a model with a time-dependent transmission rate. RESULTS: The estimated transmission rate decreased dramatically from 20 to 30 April 2003. The total number of cases in the epidemic in Beijing was estimated to be 2521. Hierarchical clustering revealed that risk-exposures were widespread, but clustered in a pattern that is distinctly related to the Beijing urban ring roads. CONCLUSION: Traditional control measures can be very effective at reducing transmission of SARS. Spatial patterns of risk-exposures can inform disease surveillance, prediction and control by identifying spatial target areas on which interventions should be focused.

OBJETIVO: Cartografiar el riesgo de exposición al síndrome respiratorio agudo severo (SRAS) en una zona urbana y evaluar la eficacia de las intervenciones tradicionales para controlar la dispersión de la enfermedad. MÉTODOS: Se emplearon los datos sobre la epidemia de SRAS sufrida por Beijing para cartografiar los conglomerados geográficos de los contactos identificados y estimar la transmisión del SRAS mediante un modelo basado en una tasa de transmisión dependiente del tiempo. RESULTADOS: La tasa de transmisión estimada disminuye drásticamente entre el 20 de abril y el 30 abril de 2003. El número total de casos provocados por la epidemia en Beijing se estimó en 2521. Los conglomerados jerárquicos revelaron que la exposición al riesgo era generalizada, pero se observaba una distribución de los casos claramente relacionada con las carreteras de circunvalación urbana de Beijing. CONCLUSIÓN: Las medidas de control tradicionales pueden ser un arma muy eficaz contra la transmisión del SRAS, y las actividades de vigilancia, predicción y control de la enfermedad se pueden beneficiar de los modelos geográficos de riesgo-exposición, gracias a la identificación de las zonas en que deberían centrarse las intervenciones.

OBJECTIF: Cartographier le risque d'exposition au syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère (SRAS) dans une zone urbaine et évaluer la capacité des interventions de type classique à endiguer la propagation de la maladie. MÉTHODES: Les données de l'épidémie de SRAS de Beijing ont servi à cartographier les grappes spatiales de contacts identifiés età évaluer la transmission du SRAS au moyen d'un modèle utilisant un taux de transmission dépendant du temps. RÉSULTATS: Le taux de transmission estimé a diminué très fortement entre le 20 et le 30 avril 2003. Le nombre total de cas dus à l'épidémie de Beijing a été évalué à 2521. Le regroupement hiérarchique en grappes de grappes a fait apparaître une zone d'exposition au risque très étendue. Néanmoins, les cas se regroupaient selon un schéma clairement lié aux voies de ceinture urbaine de Beijing. CONCLUSION: Les mesures de lutte classiques peuvent réduire de manière très efficace la transmission du SRAS. Les schémas spatiaux d'exposition au risque peuvent fournir des informations utiles à la surveillance, à la prévision et à l'endiguement de la maladie en identifiant les zones spatiales cibles sur lesquelles les interventions devront se concentrer.